UPPER LIMB PROSTHETICS-MYOELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

SUMMARY

1. Externally powered systems for below-elbow and above-elbow amputees that rely on the activation of muscles in the residual limb or proximal segment.

2. The electrical signal produced by voluntary activation of the residual muscles is detected by surface electrodes incorporated into the prosthetic socket.

3. In below-elbow amputees, wrist extensors (ECRL/ECRB & ECU) are used to open the terminal device, and wrist flexors (FCR & FCU) are used to close the terminal device.

4. In an above-elbow amputee, the biceps muscle is used to flex the elbow and close the terminal device, while triceps muscle is used to extend the elbow and open the terminal device.

5. With short transhumeral or shoulder amputation, shoulder girdle muscles are used to control elbow & terminal device function.

6. Hybrid systems and electric switches can also be used.

Reference(s)

Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. Get it on Amazon.
Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. Get it on Amazon.
O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. Get it on Amazon.