THYROID-TUMORS

SUMMARY

1. Papillary: most common, well-differentiated, benign

2. Follicular: mimics normal tissue, can be well-differentiated or can progress to capsular invasion

3. Anaplastic: malignant, death in 6 months

4. Medullary: hyperplasia of parafollicular C cells + increased calcitonin production. 15% assoc. with MEN 2A/2B.

5. MEN syndrome: overactive RET-proto-oncogene ⟹ overactive tyrosine kinase ⟹ uncontrolled cell signalling.

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].