SPINE INJECTION-ALGORITHM

SUMMARY

1. Identifying where the target is anatomically located.

2. Respecting the structures that are to be avoided and knowing their locations.

3. Identifying which radiographic views (i.e., the trajectory and safety views) best facilitate a safe and direct pathway to the target while avoiding other structures as appropriate.

4. Successfully directing the needle tip toward the target with the use of multiplanar imaging.

5. Confirming placement with real-time contrast enhancement and multiplanar imaging.

Reference(s)

Furman, Michael B., and Leland Berkwits. Atlas of Image-Guided Spinal Procedures. Elsevier, Inc, 2017.
Horowitz AL. MRI Physics for Physicians. Springer Science & Business Media. (1989) ISBN:1468403338.
Mangrum W, Christianson K, Duncan S et-al. Duke Review of MRI Principles. Mosby. (2012) ISBN:1455700843.