RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS (RTA)-SUMMARY

SUMMARY

TYPE 1
- distal
- problem with H/K-ATPase of the intercalated cells in the late distal tubule and cortical collecting ducts that results in failure to acidify the urine
- serum: metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
- urine: urine alkaline, calciuria

TYPE 2
- proximal
- decreased resorption of HCO₃^- in the proximal tubule (bicarbonate wasting)
- serum: metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
- urine: urine variable, glucosuria, amino aciduria, and wasting of other solutes, including Mg, uric acid, and phosphorus

TYPE 4
- distal, aldosterone resistance
- decreased Na⁺/K⁺ exchange in the late distal dubule and cortical collecting ducts
- serum: metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia
- urine: alkaline, calciuria

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].