RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS (RTA)
SUMMARY
1. RTAs are hyperchloremic NAGMAs (low HCO3- & high Cl-).
2. There is one proximal type (2) and two distal types (1 and 4).
HYPOKALEMIC
3. Classic distal Type 1: defects in distal H+ excretion
4. Proximal Type 2: reduce capacity to reclaim filtered bicarbonate
HYPERKALEMIC
5. Type 4: hypoaldosteronism
OTHER
6. Type 3 RTA: combined Type 1 and 2, very rare
Reference(s)
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].
