RENAL STONES-CALCIUM STONES CAUSES

SUMMARY

1. Calcium stone causes: hypercalciuria, uric acid, hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, and medullary sponge disease.

2. Hyercalciuria causes: hypervitaminosis D, distal (Type 1) RTA, sarcoidosis, and hyperparathyroidism.

3. Acidosis causes hypocitraturia and also leaches calcium from the bones, resulting in hypercalciuria.

4. Calcium phosphate stones: primary hyperparathyroidism, acetazolamide, and distal (Type 1) RTA.

5. Calcium oxalate stones: high urinary oxalate, increased intake of Vit C, steatorrhoea.

Reference(s)

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