POTASSIUM-HYPOKALEMIA CAUSES

SUMMARY

1. Increased renin (appropriate or inappropriate): volume depletion, renovascular disease, renin-secreting renal tumors

2. Increased aldosterone (inappropriate release or hormones with aldosterone-like effects): bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, Conn syndrome, Cushing sndrome.

3. Cellular shifts: metabolic alkalosis (K⁺/H⁺ exchange), insulin

4. Renal loss: type 1 & 2 RTA

5. Drugs: Thiazide & loop diuretics, Cisplatin & penicillins

6. Genetic: 3 genetic syndromes are associated with hypokalemia: Liddle's, Bartter's, and Gitelman's

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].