PARKINSONS PLUS-MULTISYSTEM ATROPHY (MSA)

SUMMARY

1. Two types: MSA-Parkinsonian type (MSA-P) & MSA-cerebellar type (MSA-C).

2. MSA-P is further sub-divided into 3 syndromes: Shy-Drager (Parkinsons features with autonomic dysfunction), Olivo-ponto-cerebellar (Parkinsons features with ataxia & dysarthria), striatonigral degeneration (Parkinsons features with dystonia).

Reference(s)

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Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].