OSTEOARTHRITIS-HIPS, KNEES, ANKLES

SUMMARY

1. Pain & stiffness are common first thing in the morning but last less than 1 hour.

2. Risk factors: joint trauma, malalignment, and obesity.

3. OA hips: pain referred to anterior thigh, antalgic gait, pain reproduced on internal rotation.

4. OA knees: can affect the medial/lateral tib-fib compartments or patello-femoral compartment. Other findings: crepitus, joint-line tenderness, palpable osteophytes.

5. Ankle OA: first MTPJ (pain on dorsi-flexion), subtalar (pain on walking on uneven surfaces), tibio-talar arthritis (anterior ankle pain).

6. X-ray findings: decreased joint space, marginal osteophytosis, subchondral cyst formation, and subchondral sclerosis.

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].