MOVEMENT DISORDERS-DYSTONIA

SUMMARY

1. Sustained muscle contractions producing abnormal repetitive, twisting movements or posturing.

2. Oral medications are generally not very effective in controlling dystonia, but small doses of levodopa may be effective for dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD).

3. May be generalized (involving entire body), focal (one specific part), or segmental (contiguous parts).

4. Cervical dystonias are the most common type of focal dystonia. Types: torticollis, anterocollis, laterocollis, retrocollis.

5. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin is the most effective treatment of focal dystonias.

Reference(s)

Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. Get it on Amazon.
Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. Get it on Amazon.
O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. Get it on Amazon.