METABOLIC ACIDOSIS-CAUSES

SUMMARY

1. Overproduction (lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure) => High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)
2. Ingestion of agents => High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)
- that are acids: salicylates
- or are metabolized to acids: methanol, ethylene glycol, paraldehyde
- or cause lactic/ketoacidosis: salicylates, isoniazid, and iron

3. HCO₃^- wasting (RTA or diarrhea) => Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (NAGMA)

4. Failure to excrete daily acid production (renal failure) => Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (NAGMA)

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].