LYMPHEDEMA-STAGING

SUMMARY

1. Stage 0 (latent): no edema. Damage to lymphatic vessels but lymphedema is not clinically evident.

2. Stage 1 (reversible): non-pitting edema usually upon waking. Limb size is near normal.

3. Stage 2 (irreversible): pitting edema. Fibrosis starts to develop.

4. Stage 3 (lymphostatic elephantiasis): severe, irreversible edema & hard fibrotic tissue develops.

Reference(s)

Cuccurullo, S., Lee, J. and Bagay, L., 2015. Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. 3rd ed. New York: DemosMedical, p.715.

Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. Get it on Amazon.
Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. Get it on Amazon.
O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. Get it on Amazon.