FALLS-RISK FACTORS

SUMMARY

INTRINSIC RISK FACTORS
1. CNS: cognitive deficits, hemiplegia/hemiparesis.
2. Balance: cerebellar disorders, Parkinson’s disease, vertigo.
3. Visual & hearing deficits: cataract management, bifocal lenses increase risk of falls.
4. Cervical spondylosis and loss of cervical ROM.
5. Stooped posture.
6. Cardiac: arrhythmias, postural hypotension.
7. Peripheral neuropathy.
8. Metabolic disorders: hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities.

EXTRINSIC RISK FACTORS
1. Polypharmacy > 4 drugs, psychotropic agents, use of sedatives.
2. Environmental hazards: inadequate lighting, restraints, assistive devices, carpets/rugs, pets.

Reference(s)

Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. Get it on Amazon.
Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. Get it on Amazon.
O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. Get it on Amazon.