COSTAL ELEMENTS-LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
From NeuroRehab.wiki
SUMMARY
1. The costal elements form the transverse processes.
2. Transverse elements include: transverse process, mamillary process & accessory tubercle.
3. Failure of fusion of the costal elements may lead to the formation of asymptomatic lumbar ribs.
Image: Case courtesy of Craig Hacking, Radiopaedia.org. From the case rID: 82813.
Reference(s)
R.M.H McMinn (1998). Last’s anatomy: regional and applied. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Get it on Amazon.
Drake, Richard L., et al. Gray's Anatomy for Students. Elsevier, 2023. Get it on Amazon.
