AUSCULTATION FINDINGS-ABNORMAL BREATHING PATTERNS

SUMMARY

1. Sleep apnoea - apnoea lasting > 10sec & occurring > 10x/night.

2. Cheyne-Stokes breathing - apnoea altrenating with hyperpnoea due to delay in medullary chemoreceptor reponse to changes in blood gas.

3. Kussmaul's respiration - rapid respiration due to stimulation of respiratory centre.

4. Hyperventilation - due to anxiety. Leads to alkalosis, tetany and periaural numbness.

5. Apneustic breathing (brainstem pathology) - pause after breathing.

6. Paradoxical breathing (diaphragmatic paralysis) - abdomen sucks in during inspiration.

7. Ataxic breating (brainstem pathology) - abnormal breathing pattern.

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].