ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI)-INTRINSIC RENAL AKI CAUSES

SUMMARY

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS (ATN)
1. Progression of pre-renal causes: ischaemia for a period of time that leads to tubular cell death
2. Toxins: drugs (Vancomycin/Gentamicin/amphotericin), IV/IA contrast (CT scans/angiography), myeloma/immunoglobulins/paraproteins (can deposit & form casts in the tubular system)

INTERSTITIAL DISEASES
3. Acute interstitial nephritis (usually antibiotic related in hospitalised patients)

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
4. Rapidly progressive groups (characterised by microscopic haematuria): Pauci-immune GN (e.g. ANCA vasculitidies), Anti-GBM disease, Lupus Nephritis, Post-infectious GN

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].