RENAL STONES-CALCIUM STONES CAUSES

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SUMMARY

1. Calcium stone causes: hypercalciuria, uric acid, hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, and medullary sponge disease.

2. Hyercalciuria causes: hypervitaminosis D, distal (Type 1) RTA, sarcoidosis, and hyperparathyroidism.

3. Acidosis causes hypocitraturia and also leaches calcium from the bones, resulting in hypercalciuria.

4. Calcium phosphate stones: primary hyperparathyroidism, acetazolamide, and distal (Type 1) RTA.

5. Calcium oxalate stones: high urinary oxalate, increased intake of Vit C, steatorrhoea.


Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

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