AUTOREGULATION-HEART FAILURE

SUMMARY

1. Heart failure occurs when CO is inadequate for the needs of tissues.

2. Systolic failure: stroke volume is reduced, leading to reduction in EF and increased end-systolic volume.

3. Diastolic failure: EF is initially maintained but ventricular compliance is reduced, leading to inadequate preload and stroke volume.

4. High-output cardiac failure: relative CO is reduced due to shunting or other pathologic processes.

5. Initial response to any form of failure is cardiac remodeling, increased secretion of renin & aldosterone leading to Na & water retention.

Reference(s)

Barrett, K.E., Barman, S.M., Boitano, S., Brooks, H.L., Weitz, M., Brian Patrick Kearns, Ganong, W.F. and Mcgraw-Hill Education (Firm (2016). Ganong’s review of medical physiology. 25th ed. New York: Mcgraw Hill Education.
Hall, J.E. and Hall, M.E. (2020). Guyton And Hall Textbook Of Medical Physiology. 14th ed. S.L.: Elsevier - Health Science.
West, J.B. and Luks, A.M. (2021). West’s Pulmonary Pathophysiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.