AUTOREGULATION-HEART FAILURE

SUMMARY

1. Heart failure occurs when CO is inadequate for the needs of tissues.

2. Systolic failure: stroke volume is reduced, leading to reduction in EF and increased end-systolic volume.

3. Diastolic failure: EF is initially maintained but ventricular compliance is reduced, leading to inadequate preload and stroke volume.

4. High-output cardiac failure: relative CO is reduced due to shunting or other pathologic processes.

5. Initial response to any form of failure is cardiac remodeling, increased secretion of renin & aldosterone leading to Na & water retention.

Reference(s)

Barrett, K.E., Barman, S.M., Brooks, H.L., X, J. and Ganong, W.F. (2019). Ganong’s review of medical physiology. 26th ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Education