View source for UPPER LIMB PROSTHETICS-MYOELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. Externally powered systems for below-elbow and above-elbow amputees that rely on the activation of muscles in the residual limb or proximal segment.
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<br/>2. The electrical signal produced by voluntary activation of the residual muscles is detected by surface electrodes incorporated into the prosthetic socket.
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<br/>3. In below-elbow amputees, wrist extensors (ECRL/ECRB &amp; ECU) are used to open the terminal device, and wrist flexors (FCR &amp; FCU) are used to close the terminal device.
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<br/>4. In an above-elbow amputee, the biceps muscle is used to flex the elbow and close the terminal device, while triceps muscle is used to extend the elbow and open the terminal device. 
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<br/>5. With short transhumeral or shoulder amputation, shoulder girdle muscles are used to control elbow &amp; terminal device function.
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<br/>6. Hybrid systems and electric switches can also be used. 


==Reference(s)==
Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. [https://amzn.to/3SaP42r Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. [https://amzn.to/417imTk Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. [https://amzn.to/3Kc2MA2 Get it on Amazon.]

[[Category:Upper Limb Prosthetics]]
[[Category:Rehabilitation]]