View source for CLINICAL-CAUSES OF PITTING B OR L LL OEDEMA

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. Cardiac - CCF. 
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<br/>2. Renal - nephrotic syndrome causing hypoalbuminemia.  
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<br/>3. Hepatic - cirrhosis causing hypoalbuminemia.
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<br/>4. GIT - malabsorption, starvation, protein-losing enteropathy causing hypoalbuminemia. 
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<br/>5. Drugs - calcium channel blockers. 
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<br/>6. Venous - varicose veins. 
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<br/>7. Beri-beri.
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<br/>8. Cyclical edema. 
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<br/>9. B/L joint trauma/surgery.   


==Reference(s)==
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [https://amzn.to/3YHrI6K Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. [https://amzn.to/3k7WSW0 Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
<br/>Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

[[Category:Clinical]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]