View source for AUSCULTATION FINDINGS-ABNORMAL BREATHING PATTERNS

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. Sleep apnoea - apnoea lasting &gt; 10sec &amp; occurring &gt; 10x/night. 
<br/>
<br/>2. Cheyne-Stokes breathing - apnoea altrenating with hyperpnoea due to delay in medullary chemoreceptor reponse to changes in blood gas. 
<br/>
<br/>3. Kussmaul's respiration - rapid respiration due to stimulation of respiratory centre. 
<br/>
<br/>4. Hyperventilation - due to anxiety. Leads to alkalosis, tetany and periaural numbness. 
<br/>
<br/>5. Apneustic breathing (brainstem pathology) - pause after breathing. 
<br/>
<br/>6. Paradoxical breathing (diaphragmatic paralysis) - abdomen sucks in during inspiration. 
<br/>
<br/>7. Ataxic breating (brainstem pathology) - abnormal breathing pattern. 


==Reference(s)==
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [https://amzn.to/3YHrI6K Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. [https://amzn.to/3k7WSW0 Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
<br/>Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

[[Category:Auscultation Findings]]
[[Category:Respiratory]]
[[Category:Medicine]]