PAIN-RELATED PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

SUMMARY

1. Anxiety: encompasses fear reactions across the cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic dimensions of pain.

2. Anger: styles of anger management such as suppression (anger in) & expression (anger out), are distinguished from overt hostility.

3. Hostility: defined as an attitude of cynical mistrustfulness, resentment, and interpersonal antagonism.

4. Cognitive deficits: many patients demonstrate a reduction in goal-directed activities and assume a more passive sedentary lifestyle. Associated with depression, deconditioning.

5. Depression.

Reference(s)

Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. Get it on Amazon.
Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. Get it on Amazon.
O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. Get it on Amazon.