PAIN-PHANTOM PAIN MECHANISMS

SUMMARY

1. Peripheral theory: pain originates from nerves around the site of injury. Mechanisms: structural changes in nerves, ectopic firing of neurons, changes in the function of neurotransmitters, alternation in channels & transduction molecules.

2. Spinal theory: pain originates from changes inside the spinal cord. Mechanisms: increased firing of neurons or reduction of normal spinal inhibitory mechanisms, structural changes in nerve endings of primary sensory neurons as they arrive at the spinal cord.

3. Central theory: pain originates from changes in the brain. Mechanisms: cortical remapping, reorganization and plasticity.

Reference(s)

Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. Get it on Amazon.
Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. Get it on Amazon.
O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. Get it on Amazon.