BLADDER-CALCULI RISKS
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Revision as of 09:56, 25 July 2023 by Dr Appukutty Manickam (talk | contribs) (Imported from text file)
SUMMARY
1. 12-19% of men and 6-9% of women will develop a renal calculus within their lifetime.
2. Fewer African-Americans (~50%) are affected than whites.
3. The peak age in men is around 40 and in women, 30s.
4. 50% of individuals will have a recurring stone formation within 10 years.
RISK FACTORS
5. Metabolic causes.
6. Dehydration and inadequate fluid intake.
Reference(s)
Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. Get it on Amazon.
Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. Get it on Amazon.
O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. Get it on Amazon.
