DIABETES MELLITUS-TREATMENT GOALS

SUMMARY

To prevent and slow the progression of microvascular complications:
1. Glucose control: fasting glucose 4-8 mmol/L
2. Postprandial glucose <10 mmol/L
3. HbA1c < 7% but individualized
4. Avoid smoking
5. Management of retinopathy with laser, anti-VEGF therapy, fenofibrate
6. BP <140/90mmHg: include ACE inhibitors/ARB (nephropathy)
7. Minimize alcohol and other toxins, avoid B12 deficiency, include metformin

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].