STROKE-TREATMENT FOR SPASTICITY

SUMMARY

Treatment options represent a continuum of care (conservative → surgical):
1. Proper positioning & relaxation techniques

2. Noxious stimuli avoidance
3. Heat & cold modalities

4. Stretching/range of motion (ROM) exercises
5. Functional electrical stimulation (FES)
6. Splinting, serial casting
7. Physical modalities (vibration, direct tendon pressure, biofeedback, motor re-education)
8. Systemic medications
9. Local interventions (botulinum toxin/phenol/alcohol)
10. Surgical procedures

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].