PVD-RAYNAUD PHENOMENON

SUMMARY

1. Primary Raynaud phenomenon is constriction of small arteries and arterioles when cold, leading to acrocyanosis.
2. It involves small arteries and arterioles in the digits and skin.
3. R_x: calcium channel blockers (CCBs), biofeed­back, and nitroglycerin if CCBs are ineffective.

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].