MAGNESIUM-HYPOMAGNESEMIA CAUSES

SUMMARY

1. GI disease, especially small bowel-associated malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, acute pancreatitis, and small bowel bypass procedures

2. Kidney losses, especially tubular disease (acute tubular necrosis, Bartter's, Gitelman's)

3. Drugs that affect the tubules (loop and thiazide diuretics, amino glycosides, amphotericin B, cisplatin, pentamidine, cyclosporine, tacrolimus)

4. Miscellaneous causes, e.g., PPI (unknown mechanism, but patients can be so severely depleted that levels rise only after the PPI is discontinued), hungry bone syndrome (after parathyroidectomy), alcohol abuse, post-surgical state, and foscamet use (due to chelation)

5. Hypercalcemia

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].