ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI)-PRE RENAL AKI CAUSES

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SUMMARY

HYPOPERFUSION
1. Severe intravascular volume loss from volume depletion, blood loss, hypotension, or diuretics
2. Renal artery stenosis or fibromuscular dysplasia causing reduced blood volume to the kidneys
3. Renal hypoperfusion: beware normotension in a patient on multiple antihypertensives that are being withheld indicates renal hypoperfusion

DRUGS
4. Drugs that cause vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles: NSAIDs (afferent), post-transplant immunosuppression drugs (afferent)

SYNDROMES
5. Systolic dysfunction (cardiorenal syndrome)
6. Hepatorenal syndrome
7. Abdominal compartment syndrome


Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

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