SYNOVIAL FLUID

SUMMARY

1. Type A cells of the synovial membrane are phagocytic, whereas type B cells probably synthesize hyaluronic acid.

2. Chondrocytes make the cartilage.

3. Cartilage is avascular and depends on the synovial fluid for nutrients.

4. The chondrocytes can produce only a limited amount of collagen, so only slight damage is repairable.

5. Joint fluid is categorized based on the inflammatory response (WBC/mm3).

6. Frank blood (hemorrhagic joint) can be caused by trauma, bleeding diathesis, tumor, and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS).

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].