ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS-EXTRA ARTICULAR MANIFESTATIONS

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SUMMARY

1. Systemic effects: fatigue, weight loss, low-grade fever.

2. Acute iritis/iridocyclitis: most common extraskeletal manifestation of AS.

3. Pain, photophobia, blurred vision.

4. Cardiac: aortitis leading to fibrosis; conduction defects.

5. Apical pulmonary fibrosis: may experience dyspnea and cough.

6. Amyloidosis.

7. Neurologic: cauda equina syndrome; C1 to C2 subluxation.


Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

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