CLINICAL-TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

SUMMARY

1. Tardive dyskinesia (TO) is mostly a result of long-term antipsychotic drug use.

2. Some "atypical antipsychotics" (clozapine and quetiapine) are less likely to cause TD.

3. Consists of many involuntary movements, including dystonia, chorea, athetosis, and tremor.

4. The face, tongue, lips, eyelid, and bulbar muscles are most often involved.

5. Clonazepam is a useful benzodiazepine for patients with mild tardive dyskinesias and anxiety.

6. Severe cases can be treated with botox injection and DBS.

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].