PULMONARY GAS MANAGEMENT-CASCADE

SUMMARY

GAS EXCHANGE DEVICES (goal of ventilation is P_aO₂ > 60 mmHg or S_aO₂ > 90%)
1. Nasal prongs: 2-3 L/min (F_iO₂ 0.24-0.28)
2. Face mask: 4-16 L/min (F_iO₂ 0.30-0.50)
3. High flow nasal prongs (F_iO₂ ~0.8)
3. Non-invasive ventilation: 120-150 L/min (F_iO₂ 0.21-1.00)
4. Intubation (F_iO₂ 0.21-1.00)
5. ECMO

Image: Scalias R. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27: 180029

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].