GENERAL CAUSES OF DYSPNOEA
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SUMMARY
1. Parenchymal pathology - pneumonia, heart failure, etc.
2. Airways pathology - asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, etc.
3. Pulmonary vascular pathology - PE.
4. Chest wall pathology - rib fractures, pneumothorax, neuromuscular disease.
Reference(s)
Wilkinson, I. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].
