ACID-BASE ANALYSIS-STEP 1
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SUMMARY ARTICLE
1. Is the patient acidemic or alkalemic? Serum pH < 7.35 defines acidemia. Serum pH > 7.45 defines alkalemia.
2. The primary disturbance can be metabolic or respiratory in etiology.
3. The main extracellular buffer is bicarbonate, and its primary job is to combine with acids to neutralize them and keep the blood pH stable.
4. It follows, then, that for every 1 increase in an acidic anion in the blood, the bicarbonate level should reduce by 1 (because of the neutralization).
Reference(s)
Gale, M., Grantham, H., Morley, P. and Parr, M. (2016). Advanced Life Support Level 1: 3rd Australian Edition. Australian Resuscitation Council.
American College Of Surgeons. Committee On Trauma (2012). ATLS : student course manual. Chicago, Ill.: American College Of Surgeons.
