SYNOVIAL FLUID

SUMMARY

1. Type A cells of the synovial membrane are phagocytic, whereas type B cells probably synthesize hyaluronic acid.

2. Chondrocytes make the cartilage.

3. Cartilage is avascular and depends on the synovial fluid for nutrients.

4. The chondrocytes can produce only a limited amount of collagen, so only slight damage is repairable.

5. Joint fluid is categorized based on the inflammatory response (WBC/mm3).

6. Frank blood (hemorrhagic joint) can be caused by trauma, bleeding diathesis, tumor, and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS).

Reference(s)

Wilkinson, I. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].