Difference between revisions of "RAYNAUD PHENOMENON"
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==Reference(s)== | ==Reference(s)== | ||
Wilkinson, I. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [https://amzn.to/3YHrI6K Get it on Amazon.] | ||
<br/>Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. [https://amzn.to/3k7WSW0 Get it on Amazon.] | |||
<br/>Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy. | <br/>Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy. | ||
<br/>Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021]. | <br/>Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021]. | ||
Revision as of 20:03, 13 March 2023
SUMMARY
1. Primary Raynaud phenomenon (idiopathic; called Raynaud disease) usually begins in young women within a few years following menarche and is not assoc. with any rheumatologic disease.
2. Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is more severe; assoc. with RA, SLE, Sjogren's and mixed CT diseases (MCTD) & drugs (serotonin agonists, sympathetomimetics), smoking.
3. Defined as a sequential, tricolor change of the fingers and/or toes that occurs as a result of vasoconstriction with exposure to cold or emotional stress. Ulceration does not occur in primary disease.
4. Fingers and/or toes blanch or tum white (as a result of vasoconstriction).
5. When cyanosis due to decreased oxygenation occurs, the digits tum blue.
6. Finally, with vasodilation upon rewarming, the digits flush red (white => blue => red).
Reference(s)
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].
