Difference between revisions of "CALCIUM-HYPERCALCEMIA CAUSES"
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<br/>6. Multi-trauma. | <br/>6. Multi-trauma. | ||
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<br/>7. Genetic | <br/>7. Genetic: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). | ||
Latest revision as of 02:29, 21 March 2023
SUMMARY
1. Primary/secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
2. Drugs: Vit D excess, Vit A excess, thiazide diuretic (decreases calcium excretion), lithium (increases PTH threshold, requiring Ca2+ to be higher to shut off PTH secretion).
3. Malignancy
- Myeloma: produces osteoclast activating factors.
- Some solid tumors: secrete PTH-related protein (different from PTH, which is suppressed by raised serum calcium).
- Metastasis: produce local osteoclast activating factors.
4. Sarcoidosis, TB, histoplasmosis, leprosy: through Vit D production by macrophages.
5. Immobility in the setting of hyperthyroidism, Paget's disease, adolescence.
6. Multi-trauma.
7. Genetic: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH).
Reference(s)
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Get it on Amazon.
Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. Get it on Amazon.
Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].
