Difference between revisions of "ECG-ARRHYTHMIA CLASSIFICATION"

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===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
<i>1. SINUS ARRHYTHMIA:</i> variation of the HR during respiration, particularly in young people
<i>1. SINUS ARRHYTHMIA:</i> variation of the HR during respiration, particularly in young people
<br/>- Increases with inspiration due to vagal inhibition of the cardio-inhibitory area of the medulla (note: double negative) due to stretch receptors in the lungs
<br/>- Increases with inspiration due to vagal inhibition of the cardio-inhibitory area of the medulla (note: double negative) due to stretch receptors in the lungs
<br/>- Decreases in expiration
<br/>- Decreases in expiration
<br/>
<br/>
<br/><i>2. SICK SINUS SYNDROME:</i> pathologies related to SA node
<br/><i>2. SICK SINUS SYNDROME:</i> pathologies related to SA node
<br/>
<br/>
<br/><i>3. HEART BLOCK (AV nodal vs infranodal block):</i>
<br/><i>3. HEART BLOCK (AV nodal vs infranodal block):</i>
<br/>a. First degree: PR interval > 0.2s 
<br/>a. First degree: PR interval &gt; 0.2s
<br/>b. Second degree: Mobitz I (progressively lengthening PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped) & II (2:1, 3:1, 4:1 P waves consistently not being followed by QRS complexes)
<br/>b. Second degree: Mobitz I (progressively lengthening PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped) &amp; II (2:1, 3:1, 4:1 P waves consistently not being followed by QRS complexes)
<br/>c. Third degree: none of the P waves are conducted to the ventricles
<br/>c. Third degree: none of the P waves are conducted to the ventricles
<br/>
<br/>
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<br/>a. Atrial flutter: circus rhythm running b/w IVC and TV causing atrial rate ~300/min commonly with 2:1 AV block
<br/>a. Atrial flutter: circus rhythm running b/w IVC and TV causing atrial rate ~300/min commonly with 2:1 AV block
<br/>b. Atrial fibrillation: most common sustained arrhythmia, irregularly irregular ventricular response with rate 120-180/min in the absence of treatment
<br/>b. Atrial fibrillation: most common sustained arrhythmia, irregularly irregular ventricular response with rate 120-180/min in the absence of treatment
<br/>c. Multifocal atrial tachycardia: ECG shows atrial rate > 100/min & P waves of 3 or more distinct morphologies
<br/>c. Multifocal atrial tachycardia: ECG shows atrial rate &gt; 100/min &amp; P waves of 3 or more distinct morphologies
<br/>d. Supraventricular tachycardia: narrow QRS complex tachycardias arising above the ventricles (key is to recognize the P wave in relation to QRS complexes)
<br/>d. Supraventricular tachycardia: narrow QRS complex tachycardias arising above the ventricles (key is to recognize the P wave in relation to QRS complexes)
<br/>e. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: a/w an accessory/aberrant pathway (bundle of Kent) b/w atria & ventricles which bypasses the AV node & 'pre-exciting' the ventricle 
<br/>e. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: a/w an accessory/aberrant pathway (bundle of Kent) b/w atria &amp; ventricles which bypasses the AV node &amp; 'pre-exciting' the ventricle
<br/>
<br/>
<br/><i>5. VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS:</i>
<br/><i>5. VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS:</i>
<br/>a. Premature ventricular contractions: premature ventricular beats with a compensatory pause
<br/>a. Premature ventricular contractions: premature ventricular beats with a compensatory pause
<br/>b. Ventricular tachycardia: defined as 3 or more sequential QRS complexes of ventricular origin at rate > 100/min, divided into monomorphic vs. polymorphic VT and sustained vs. non-sustained VT
<br/>b. Ventricular tachycardia: defined as 3 or more sequential QRS complexes of ventricular origin at rate &gt; 100/min, divided into monomorphic vs. polymorphic VT and sustained vs. non-sustained VT


[[Category:Electrocardiogram]]
[[Category:Electrocardiogram]]
[[Category:Advanced Life Support]]
[[Category:Advanced Life Support]]

Latest revision as of 11:31, 1 January 2023

SUMMARY

1. SINUS ARRHYTHMIA: variation of the HR during respiration, particularly in young people
- Increases with inspiration due to vagal inhibition of the cardio-inhibitory area of the medulla (note: double negative) due to stretch receptors in the lungs
- Decreases in expiration

2. SICK SINUS SYNDROME: pathologies related to SA node

3. HEART BLOCK (AV nodal vs infranodal block):
a. First degree: PR interval > 0.2s
b. Second degree: Mobitz I (progressively lengthening PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped) & II (2:1, 3:1, 4:1 P waves consistently not being followed by QRS complexes)
c. Third degree: none of the P waves are conducted to the ventricles

4. SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS:
a. Atrial flutter: circus rhythm running b/w IVC and TV causing atrial rate ~300/min commonly with 2:1 AV block
b. Atrial fibrillation: most common sustained arrhythmia, irregularly irregular ventricular response with rate 120-180/min in the absence of treatment
c. Multifocal atrial tachycardia: ECG shows atrial rate > 100/min & P waves of 3 or more distinct morphologies
d. Supraventricular tachycardia: narrow QRS complex tachycardias arising above the ventricles (key is to recognize the P wave in relation to QRS complexes)
e. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: a/w an accessory/aberrant pathway (bundle of Kent) b/w atria & ventricles which bypasses the AV node & 'pre-exciting' the ventricle

5. VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS:
a. Premature ventricular contractions: premature ventricular beats with a compensatory pause
b. Ventricular tachycardia: defined as 3 or more sequential QRS complexes of ventricular origin at rate > 100/min, divided into monomorphic vs. polymorphic VT and sustained vs. non-sustained VT