View source for STROKE-NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (NMES)

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
NMES can be used to improve motor recovery, reduce pain and spasticity, strengthen muscles and increase range of motion following stroke. 
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<br/><i>THREE FORMS</i>
<br/><b>1. Cyclic NMES:</b> contracts paretic muscles on a pre-set schedule and does not require participation on the part of the patient. <i>May be beneficial for improving motor function.</i>
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<br/><b>2. EMG triggered NMES:</b> used for patients who are able to partially activate a paretic muscle and may have a greater therapeutic effect. <i style="color: var(--field-fg);">May be beneficial for improving dexterity, spasticity &amp; ROM.</i>
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<br/><b>3. Functional electrical stimulation (FES):</b> refers to the application of NMES to help achieve a functional task. E.g. FES-based neural orthosis for gait cycle. <i style="color: var(--field-fg);">May be beneficial for improving dexterity.</i>


==Reference(s)==
Teasell, R., Hussein, N., Mirkowski, M., Vanderlaan, D., Saikaley, M., Longval, M. and Iruthayarajah, J., 2020. <i>Hemiplegic Upper Extremity Rehabilitation.</i> [online] Ebrsr.com. Available at: [http://Ebrsr.com Ebrsr.com] [Accessed 11 November 2020].</div>
<br/>Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. [https://amzn.to/3SaP42r Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. [https://amzn.to/417imTk Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. [https://amzn.to/3Kc2MA2 Get it on Amazon.]

[[Category:Stroke]]
[[Category:Rehabilitation]]