View source for SPINE INJECTION-TRANSFORAMINAL BLOCK, OPTIMAL VIEWS

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. Keep the injection needle tip superior to avoid contacting the spinal nerve.
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<br/>2. The needle tip should be visualized within the foramen on the lateral view and should avoid the vascular (V) structures in the ventral neural foramen.
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<br/>3. Although variable in positioning, the radicular artery and intervertebral vein often lie just dorsal to the vertebral body. 
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<br/>4. Advancing the needle to the ventral floor of the neural foramen increases the likelihood of vascular injection.


==Reference(s)==
Furman, Michael B., and Leland Berkwits. Atlas of Image-Guided Spinal Procedures. Elsevier, Inc, 2017.
<br/>Horowitz AL. MRI Physics for Physicians. Springer Science & Business Media. (1989) ISBN:1468403338.
<br/>Mangrum W, Christianson K, Duncan S et-al. Duke Review of MRI Principles. Mosby. (2012) ISBN:1455700843.

[[Category:Spine Injection]]
[[Category:Radiology]]
[[Category:Radiology]]