View source for POTASSIUM-HYPERKALEMIA MANIFESTATIONS

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. Symptoms manifest when the rise is acute. Problems usually occur when K<sup>+ </sup>~ 6 mEq/L. Toxic effects may be seen at lesser levels with rapid rise in K (unlikely if K &lt; 5.0).
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<br/>2. Presentation can include significant weakness or paralysis, conduction abnormalities or arrhythmias.
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<br/><i>Sequence of ECG changes:</i>
<br/>3. Peaked T wave and short QT interval
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<br/>4. Progressive lengthening of PR and QRS intervals
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<br/>5. Loss of P wave &amp; QRS widening into sine wave
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<br/>6. Ventricular fibrillation or cardiac standstill.


==Reference(s)==
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [https://amzn.to/3YHrI6K Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. [https://amzn.to/3k7WSW0 Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
<br/>Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

[[Category:Potassium]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]