View source for PAIN-RELATED PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. Anxiety: encompasses fear reactions across the cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic dimensions of pain.
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<br/>2. Anger: styles of anger management such as suppression (anger in) &amp; expression (anger out), are distinguished from overt hostility. 
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<br/>3. Hostility: defined as an attitude of cynical mistrustfulness, resentment, and interpersonal antagonism.
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<br/>4. Cognitive deficits: many patients demonstrate a reduction in goal-directed activities and assume a more passive sedentary lifestyle. Associated with depression, deconditioning. 
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<br/><i>5. Depression.</i>


==Reference(s)==
Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. [https://amzn.to/3SaP42r Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. [https://amzn.to/417imTk Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. [https://amzn.to/3Kc2MA2 Get it on Amazon.]

[[Category:Pain]]
[[Category:Rehabilitation]]