View source for MND-AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. Progressive destruction of pyramidal cells (UMN) &amp; anterior horn cells (LMN).
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<br/>2. The ascending sensory tracts &amp; nucleus of Onuf (controlling striated muscles of the pelvic floor, bowel &amp; bladder sphincters) are spared. 
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<br/>3. Approximately 3-10% with ALS have frontotemporal dementia; 30-50% have cognitive impairment.
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<br/>4. Presentation is varied with combination of UMN &amp; LMN signs. 
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<br/>5. ALS is relentlessly progressive, involving upper and lower extremities, truncal and bulbar musculature, and is terminal typically within 3-5 years after diagnosis.
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<br/>6. Differential: post-polio syndrome.


==Reference(s)==
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [https://amzn.to/3YHrI6K Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. [https://amzn.to/3k7WSW0 Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
<br/>Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

[[Category:MND]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]