View source for CIRCLE OF WILLIS-NORMAL VARIANTS

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. ICA: persistent embryonic cervical ICA branches to vertebrobasilar system, persistent trigeminal a., persistent hypoglossal a. 
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<br/>2. ACA: hypoplastic A1 segments, azygous ACA, duplicated/fenestrated segments
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<br/>3. MCA: rare; can be fenestration, duplication
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<br/>4. PCOM: hypoplastic PCOM
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<br/>5. PCA: fetal PCA (arises from ICA instead of vertebrobasilar system)
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<br/>[[Image:paste-627065225808.jpg]]
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<br/><b>Image:</b> Circle of Willis. Netter. (2014). Atlas of Human Anatomy, Sixth Edition. 6th ed. Elsevier.    


==Reference(s)==
R.M.H McMinn (1998). Last’s anatomy: regional and applied. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. [https://amzn.to/3xyB8Wc Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Drake, Richard L., et al. Gray's Anatomy for Students. Elsevier, 2023. [https://amzn.to/3KhTEtQ Get it on Amazon.]

[[Category:Circle Of Willis]]
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
[[Category:Anatomy]]