View source for CAUSES OF ABNORMAL APEX BEAT

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
Apex beat: 5th intercostal space, 1cm medial to midclavicular line. 
<br/><i>ABNORMALITIES</i> 
<br/>1. Thrusting apex: MR, dilated cardiomyopathy
<br/>2. Heaving apex: AS, HTN
<br/>3. Dyskinetic apex: LV dysfunction
<br/>4. Double impulse apex: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
<br/>5. Tapping apex: MS


==Reference(s)==
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [https://amzn.to/3YHrI6K Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. [https://amzn.to/3k7WSW0 Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
<br/>Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

[[Category:Causes Of Abnormal Apex Beat]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]