View source for CALCIUM-HYPERCALCEMIA MANAGEMENT

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. Hydration: 3-4 liters if no contraindications.
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<br/>2. Bisphosphonates interfere with bone resorption in areas of high turnover (malignancy) and are used in conjunction with saline infusions and calcitonin. 
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<br/>3. Pamidronate and zoledronic acid are representative drugs, favored because of their rapid onset of action &amp; IV formulation. 
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<br/>4. These drugs are associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma and metastatic bone disease.
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<br/>5. Give glucocorticoids for sarcoidosis and myeloma.


==Reference(s)==
Wilkinson, I., Furmedge, D. and Sinharay, R. (2017). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [https://amzn.to/3YHrI6K Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Feather, A., Randall, D. and Waterhouse, M. (2020). Kumar And Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 10th ed. S.L.: Elsevier Health Sciences. [https://amzn.to/3k7WSW0 Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Hannaman, R. A., Bullock, L., Hatchell, C. A., & Yoffe, M. (2016). Internal medicine review core curriculum, 2017-2018. CO Springs, CO: MedStudy.
<br/>Therapeutic Guidelines. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. https://www.tg.org.au [Accessed 2021].

[[Category:Calcium]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]