View source for BLADDER-SUPRASACRAL (UMN) IMPAIRMENT, CAUSES

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
Commonly results in spastic bladder (detrusor hyperreflexia) and/or incompetent sphincter; lesion above the sacral micturition center (S2-S4).
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<br/><i>CAUSES</i>
<br/>1. SCI: return of reflex arc after initial trauma
<br/>2. Subacute CVA (detrusor hyperreflexia)
<br/>3. Multiple sclerosis
<br/>
<br/><b><i>TIP: Tumour, Infection, Immune, Trauma, Stroke</i></b>


==Reference(s)==
Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. [https://amzn.to/3SaP42r Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. [https://amzn.to/417imTk Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. [https://amzn.to/3Kc2MA2 Get it on Amazon.]

[[Category:Bladder]]
[[Category:Rehabilitation]]