View source for BLADDER-CALCULI RISKS

===== [[Summary Article|'''SUMMARY''']] =====
1. 12-19% of men and 6-9% of women will develop a renal calculus within their lifetime.
<br/>2. Fewer African-Americans (~50%) are affected than whites.
<br/>3. The peak age in men is around 40 and in women, 30s.
<br/>4. 50% of individuals will have a recurring stone formation within 10 years.
<br/>
<br/><i>RISK FACTORS</i>
<br/>5. Metabolic causes.
<br/>6. Dehydration and inadequate fluid intake.


==Reference(s)==
Cifu, D.X. (2020). Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier. [https://amzn.to/3SaP42r Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>Cuccurullo, S. (2019). Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. New York: Demosmedical. [https://amzn.to/417imTk Get it on Amazon.]
<br/>O’Young, B., Young, M.A. and Stiens, S.A. (2008). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets. Mosby. [https://amzn.to/3Kc2MA2 Get it on Amazon.]

[[Category:Bladder]]
[[Category:Rehabilitation]]